Prevalence and clinical significance of pleural effusion in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a retrospective study

BackgroundPleural effusion is observed in a subset of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and may be linked to clinical outcome, but findings from previous studies have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of pleural effusion in Chinese patients with APE.MethodsClinical data from hospitalized patients with APE were retrospectively collected and the prevalence of pleural effusion was determined. The relationship between the presence of pleural effusion and clinical outcome of APE was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe study enrolled 635 patients with APE. The prevalence of pleural effusion was 57.01% (362/635). Patients with pleural effusion had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (9.9% vs. 4.8%, P<0.05) and longer length of hospital stay (LOS) (19.99 vs. 15.31 days, P<0.05) than whose without pleural effusion. However, pleural effusion was not an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with APE by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis [hazard ratio (HR) =1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–3.92, P=0.216] and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (P=0.174).ConclusionsPleural effusion is a frequent occurrence in patients with APE and therefore merits greater attention from clinicians; however, it is not an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality.     

The association of metabolic health obesity with incidence of carotid artery plaque in Chinese adults

Background and aimsWe aimed to evaluate the association between different obese phenotypes with carotid artery plaque (CAP) event.Method and resultsThe current retrospective cohort study was performed in 32,778 Chinese adults (19,221 men and 13,557 women, aged 41.9 ± 11.0 years). Obese phenotypes were assessed based on baseline body mass index (<24.0 vs. ≥24.0 kg/m²) and metabolic characteristics (health vs. unhealth). All the participants were further classified into four groups: metabolic health and normal weight (MHNW), metabolic unhealth and normal weight (MUHNW), metabolic health and overweight (MHO), and metabolic unhealth and overweight (MUHO). Ultrasound B-mode imaging was annually performed to evaluate CAP throughout the study. We have identified 2142 CAP cases during 5-year follow-up. Comparing with the MHNW group, the hazard ratios for the risk of incident CAP was 2.44 (95% CI:1.92 and 3.09) for the MUHNW group, 1.52 (95% CI:1.06 and 2.18) for the MHO group, and 1.8 (95% CI:1.4 and 2.33) for the MUHO group. The association was more pronounced in young adults (<65 y) than that in aged adults (≥65 y). Sensitivity analysis generated similar results with the main analysis.ConclusionMUHNW, MHO, and MUHO were associated with the risk of CAP.     

痛记忆模型大鼠ACC脑区蛋白质组学研究及电针干预

目的:采用蛋白质组学方法筛选痛记忆模型大鼠ACC脑区差异蛋白,并进一步筛选与电针干预痛记忆可能相关的差异蛋白,为电针干预痛记忆的深入研究提供理论支持。方法:将18只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(生理盐水对照组)、模型组和电针组,每组6只。模型组及电针组大鼠通过二次角叉菜胶足跖注射建立痛记忆模型。对照组注射同等剂量的生理盐水。电针组于首次注射后5 h、1～5 d进行电针治疗。模型组与空白组仅作与电针组相同的束缚处理。分别检测3组大鼠造模前,首次注射后4 h、5 d和二次注射后4 h、72 h的机械痛阈。二次注射后第3天,大鼠处死后取ACC脑组织。以双向凝胶电泳分离,双向电泳后经不同波长光激发扫描得到不同样品的蛋白质组图谱,经Image Master2D 6. 0软件进行分析后,筛选相差在1. 5倍以上的蛋白作为差异表达的蛋白质,并进行质谱鉴定。结果:1)与空白组比较,模型组二次未注射角叉菜胶足跖痛阈显著下降(P 0. 05);与模型组比较,电针组二次未注射角叉菜胶足跖痛阈显著上升(P 0. 05)。2)经蛋白质组学分析共筛选出18个差异蛋白质。其中模型组有明显差异者有11个,4个表达呈现下调,分别为微管蛋白α-1A链、DAB2相互作用蛋白、NADH脱氢酶的辅酶黄素蛋白2、转凝蛋白-3; 7个表达呈现上调,分别为微管蛋白β-3链、肌动蛋白1、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、类固醇激素合成急性蛋白、肌动蛋白2、细胞色素c氧化酶6A1亚基、泛素40S核糖体蛋白S27a。与空白组比较,电针组有明显差异者有15个,3个表达呈现下调,分别为微管蛋白α-1C链、Rho GDP解离抑制因子、NADH脱氢酶的辅酶黄素蛋白2; 12个表达呈现上调,分别为微管蛋白β-2A链、微管蛋白β-3链、肌动蛋白1、乌头酸水合酶、丙酮酸激酶同工酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶1、Ras相关Rab-19蛋白、类固醇激素合成急性蛋白、肌动蛋白2、细胞色素c氧化酶6A1亚基、泛素40S核糖体蛋白S27a。电针组与模型组比较后呈现明显差异的有8个差异蛋白,2个呈现下调,分别是Rho GDP解离抑制因子、肌动蛋白2。6个呈现上调,分别是微管蛋白α-1A链、微管蛋白β-2A链、DAB2相互作用蛋白、乌头酸水合酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、Ras相关Rab-19蛋白。结论:经蛋白质组学分析发现,有11个差异蛋白参与痛记忆的唤醒过程;有8个差异蛋白参与电针干预痛记忆的过程。提示电针对痛记忆的干预可能与稳定神经细胞骨架蛋白,进而抑制神经突触可塑性改变有关。     

注射用血栓通中三七元素迁移的规律

目的:分析注射用血栓通中三七从原料到成品全过程的元素迁移规律,以便更好地控制成品中元素杂质。方法:采用ICP-MS法全面分析三七药材、三七总皂苷(中间体)和注射用血栓通中21种元素的含量。结果:21种元素的标准曲线相关系数r均在0. 999以上,回收率在92. 71%～107. 07%之间,RSD均在5%以内。三七药材中铝、铁含量较高,铅、砷、汞、镉、铜符合中华人民共和国药典的相关规定,三七总皂苷(中间体)和注射用血栓通中多数元素均未检出或含量极低。结论:注射用血栓通的提取工艺可有效去除三七中大部分元素,重金属及有害元素也降到较低水平。     

Scutellarin,a modulator of mTOR,attenuates hepatic insulin resistance by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via SREBP‐1c suppression

High levels of consumption of saturated lipids have been largely associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the effective traditional Chinese medicines considered beneficial for liver diseases and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Scu on IR and lipid metabolism disorders in vitro and in high fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. In vitro, we found that Scu decreased insulin‐dependent lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of CD36, Fasn, and ACC in PA‐treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, Scu upregulated Akt phosphorylation and improved the insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, Scu downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and the n‐SREBP‐1c protein level and also reduced lipid accumulation via the mTOR‐dependent pathway, as confirmed by the molecular docking of Scu to mTOR. In HFD‐fed C57BL/6 mice, Scu improved oral glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and the IR index and also increased the Akt phosphorylation level. Moreover, Scu reduced hepatocyte steatosis, decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, and decreased the SREBP‐1c level in the liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that Scu ameliorates hepatic IR by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via the mTOR‐dependent pathway through SREBP‐1c suppression.     

多种管控和干预手段促进辅助药品的合理使用

目的： 加强辅助药品的管控和干预，促进临床合理用药。方法： 通过多种管控和干预手段的实施，评价实施前后辅助药品使用的变化。结果： 综合培训、点评、反馈、约谈、奖惩、信息化管理等多种干预手段，辅助药品的使用合理率明显提升。经过管控，我院的辅助药品已基本不在全院药品销售金额排名前20名中，住院人均药品费用与住院人均辅助药品费用稳步下降，分别由2018年第一季度3511.70元和138.50元降至第四季度3344.40元和111.25元。辅助药品销售占比和医院药占比分别由2018年第一季度的2.60%和33.54%下降至第四季度2.24%和31.56%，乌司他丁冻干粉的使用合理率由干预前41.82%升高至100%，芪珍胶囊合理率由51.65%增加至100%。结论： 培训、点评、反馈、约谈、奖惩、信息化管理等多种干预手段相结合能显著减少辅助药品的不合理使用，切实减轻患者的经济负担，促进临床合理用药。